36. Cite Parenthetically

36. Cite parenthetically:

In essays requiring exact references, use parenthetic notation and give the full citation in an alphabetical list at the end of the essay in a Works Cited Page.

"General Guidelines

• • The source information required in a parenthetical citation depends (1.) upon the source medium (e.g. Print, Web, DVD) and (2.) upon the source’s entry on the Works Cited (bibliography) page.

  • Any source information that you provide in-text must correspond to the source information on the Works Cited page. More specifically, whatever signal word or phrase you provide to your readers in the text must be the first thing that appears on the left-hand margin of the corresponding entry in the Works Cited List."

(https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/2/)

Essays, novels, short stories:

-For parenthetic notation of: essays, novels, short stories, magazines, scholarly journal articles, and newspapers, list the author’s last name and then the page number upon which the excerpt occurs: (Thoreau 23) if the author's name is not mentioned in the introduction to the passage.

-if the author's name is mentioned in the introduction to the passage, just list the page number upon which the excerpt occurs: (23).

-Place a period inside the quotation even if there is not a period in the passage you are quoting. Also, place a period after the parenthetic notation. (Thoreau 23).

Correct: In the chapter “Conclusion,” Henry David Thoreau develops the notion that we need to avoid anthropocentrism. He writes, “(t)he universe is wider than our views of it.” (134).

Correct: In the chapter “Conclusion,” the author develops the notion that we need to avoid anthropocentrism and writes, “(t)he universe is wider than our views of it.” (Thoreau 134).

-For block quotations, the writer should not place a period after the parenthetic citation.

-If there is only one work cited by this author in the entire essay, then the title of the work is not needed in the parenthetical notation.

In-text citations: Author-page style

"The author's name may appear either in the sentence itself or in parentheses following the quotation or paraphrase, but the page number(s) should always appear in the parentheses, not in the text of your sentence. For example:

Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (263).

Romantic poetry is characterized by the "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (Wordsworth 263).

Wordsworth extensively explored the role of emotion in the creative process (263).

Both citations in the examples above, (263) and (Wordsworth 263), tell readers that the information in the sentence can be located on page 263 of a work by an author named Wordsworth. If readers want more information about this source, they can turn to the Works Cited page, where, under the name of Wordsworth, they would find the following information:

WORKS CITED:

Wordsworth, William. Lyrical Ballads. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1967."

"Citing indirect sources

Sometimes you may have to use an indirect source. An indirect source is a source cited in another source. For such indirect quotations, use "qtd. in"-meaning quoted in- to indicate the source you actually consulted. For example:

Ravitch argues that high schools are pressured to act as "social service centers, and they don't do that well" (qtd. in Weisman 259).

Note that, in most cases, a responsible researcher will attempt to find the original source, rather than citing an indirect source."

(https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/2/)

MULTIPLE TEXTS BY THE SAME AUTHOR IN ESSAY:

If there is more than one work by the same author cited in a given essay, then add the title of the work after the author’s last name and before the page number. Follow the rule for titles (Rule #61) when listing the name of the work.

Correct: In his essay “Walking,” he expresses his famous dictum “...in wildness is the preservation of the world.” (Thoreau “Walking” 14).

Correct: In his essay “Walking,” Thoreau expresses his famous dictum “...in wildness is the preservation of the world.” (“Walking” 14).

CITING POEMS:

For poems, just provide the line numbers in parentheses at the end of the quotation.

Correct: Describing the New Hampshire woods in winter in his poem “Birches,” Robert Frost’s speaker states, “When I see birches swing from left to right / Across the lines of straighter, darker trees / I like to think some boy’s been swinging them.” (lines 1-3).

-notice the back slashes indicate line breaks in a poem

CITING WEB SITES:

"Citing non-print or sources from the Internet

With more and more scholarly work being posted on the Internet, you may have to cite research you have completed in virtual environments. When creating in-text citations for electronic, film, or Internet sources, remember that your citation must reference the source in your Works Cited.

• Include in the text the first item that appears in the Work Cited entry that corresponds to the citation (e.g. author name or article name or website name or film name).

• Use Web Site author, title of page in quotes, title of web site in italics, url in that order to decide how to cite a web site parenthetically

• Do not include complete URLs in-text. Only provide partial URLs such as when the name of the site includes, for example, a domain name, like (cnn.com) or (forbes.com) as opposed to writing out (http://www.cnn.com or http://www.forbes.com)."

(https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/2/)

Internet In Text Citation Principle 1: to cite web pages parenthetically, if you know the web site author's name, use the last name.

For example, to cite this web page parenthetically, you would write.

""To cite web pages parenthetically, if you know the web site author's name, use the last name." (Huss)

Work Cited Page

Huss, Phil. "Citing Parenthetically." Writing Across the Curriculum Guide.

https://sites.google.com/a/communityschool.org/us-writing-guide/36-citing-parenthetically July 12, 2018

A writer should use the "url"-the web site displayed in the web site bar at the top of the page. Use an abbreviated url so that your essay is not filled with ugly looking web site urls.

url: https://sites.google.com/a/communityschool.org/us-writing-guide/36-citing-parenthetically

Correct: In the Writing Across the Curriculum Guide, the authors indicate that "(i)f there is only one text cited in the entire essay, then the title of the work is not needed in the parenthetical notation." (https://.sites.google.com).

In the Works Cited Page, you will list the full url and the date to allow readers to click on the web page and go to the site and know that if the date is old that the link may have changed.

WORKS CITED

Huss, Phil. Online Writing Web. "Citing Parenthetically."

https://sites.google.com/a/communityschool.org/us-writing-guide/36-citing-parenthetically

Date Accessed: January 16, 2018.